Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, occurring when the heart’s upper chambers beat irregularly and chaotically. This can lead to a rapid, uneven heartbeat and symptoms such as palpitations or fatigue. AFib also increases the risk of stroke. Treatment focuses on symptom control and stroke prevention through medications, anticoagulants, or procedures such as catheter ablation.
What Is Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)?
Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is the most common heart rhythm disorder encountered in clinical practice, affecting about 2.7 million people in the United States. When managed correctly, people with AFib can continue to lead a long, active life.
AFib is caused by chaotic electrical signals that make the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) quiver instead of fully contracting or beating. This can cause the heart to beat up to four times faster than normal, which may feel like a fluttering in the chest or palpitations.
This irregular rhythm can cause blood to pool in the atria, which may allow a clot to form. If a clot dislodges and travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke. AFib can also lead to heart failure or fluid buildup by weakening the heart muscle.
If AFib is not treated, the condition can worsen and may result in more frequent and longer episodes. Over time, this can make AFib harder to treat.
Pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea, or diabetes can increase the risk of developing AFib. However, even people with healthy lifestyles and no other medical problems can develop the condition.
Symptoms
Symptoms of AFib may include:
- Feeling tired or having little or no energy
- A fast or irregular pulse or heart palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
Some patients may have no symptoms at all.
Diagnosis
AFib is diagnosed by taking an electrical recording of the heart using an electrocardiogram (EKG).
Treatment Options
Once AFib is diagnosed, treatment can begin. This may include antiarrhythmic medications that help reduce the time spent in atrial fibrillation.
Treatment may also include specialized procedures such as cardioversion, which uses a controlled shock to restore normal rhythm.
Another option is catheter ablation, which uses a catheter (a flexible tube) to deliver energy to areas of the heart that may be causing AFib.
Doctors may also prescribe blood thinners, also known as anticoagulants, to help prevent blood clots from forming.
There are many tools and treatments available to help people with AFib maintain a high quality of life and good outcomes.
To find out more or locate a specialist in your area, visit UpBeat.org.